ߵ ġ(ַ outpatient)
brain GABA receptor ۿѴ
ǽļ ϴ 2 Rc(NMDA Rc м , GABA Rc )
ۿ GABA Rc(inhibitory) ۿѴ : ۿϰ Ǹ ǽ, Cognitive function , motor coordination
Դٺ GABA Rc down regulationǾ ڰ پ ǰ, NMDA Rc upregulationǾ ڰ þ.
ڱ Ǹ, brain ڰ GABA inhibition ȿ ǰ, NMDA ȿ Ÿ ȴ.
̰ alcohol withdrawl̴.
ߵ ǥ alcohol withrawl management̴.
ݴ
Stage 1(minor withdrawl) : agitation, anxiety, restlessness, insomnia, diaphoresis, palpitation, hypertension, tachycardia, headache , nausea, vomiting , ǽļ normal, ణ
72ð̳ ڹ .
Stage 2(major withdrawl) : 1~3Ŀ , Stage 1 ϰ Ÿ.
Stage 3 delirium tremens : 3~4Ŀ , ſ ϰ Ÿ, fever, hallucination, disorientation, autonomic hyperactivity Ÿ.
mortaliry 5% ̰ (head trauma, cardiovascular problem, aspiration, electro-fluid inbalance, , pneumonia, pancreatitis underlying disease ȭ) ִ.
Withdrawl Seizure : 24~48ðĿ Ѵ. 2~3ȸ ļ 5 ַ ϰ staticus epilepticus Ǹ Delirium tremens 1/3 Ѵ.
Alcohol hallucination : 24ð̳ Ÿ , 24~48ð . ַ visual
, binge drinking withdrawl Ȯ
ġ
5̻ ݴ ʴ´ٸ f/u
medication
1.benzodiazepine : GABA rc ڱϿ neuronal activity ҽŴ
long acting ü self taperingȿ ִ.
: Diazepam(valium) , Chlordiazepoxide(Ƽ)
Short acting
: lorazepam(Ativan), Oxazepam
2 ʴ´. ȯ, .
2. Anticonvulsant : κ ݱݴ seizure self-limited װ ʿ . status epilepticus 쿡 phenobarbital ɰ Բ ª ִ. . , Ÿ Ͽ ݴ scoreҿ ̰ , ù ҿ nonsignificant Ұ ִ.
Carbamazepine : safe and effective. ܷó 浵 ݱݴܿ Ẽ ְ, Delirium tremens ȿ ġѴٴ Ű ִ.
Valproic acid : safe and effective.
Gabapentin : ݴ ̴µ ȿ ִ.
Tiagabine
phenytoin ȿ Ȱ .
barbiturate narrow therapeutic range õ ʴ´. , refractory DT(ùѽð diazepam 50m Ǵ Lorazepam 10mg ġ ȵǴ ) ſ ȿ̴. : 130~260mg IV ɶ 20и.
Baclofen : GABA b rc agonist , relapse risk ٿش. , acute severe (uptodateǰ)
clonidine(centrally acting a2-agonist) : acute detoxication , ߰ Ẽ ִ. õ , acute severe (uptodateǰ)
Anti glutamaternergic agent : Memantine, lamotrigine, topiramate ȿ , diazepam ȿ ̴ .
Antipsychotics(Phenothiazine(ǥΰ CPZ) butyrophenones(κ peridol haloperidol, Domperidone)) seizure ġ ߱ ȵȴ. ( ̶ : Ű ְ ݱݴ ɿ ؼ ġǾ)
Dose
outpatient (mild) ( ġⰣ̴. ּ 3̻ drinking ݴ ̴)
1. fixed dose ( , ϴܽ) : moderate ϶ '
Ƽ: ù 50mg bid Ǵ qid
° 25mg qid
° 25mg bid
° 25mg qd
īٸ : ù : 200mg qid, ° tid , ° bid , ° qd
2. loading dose( ѹ)
3. symptom triggered( ) : mild϶
Ƽ : ʿ ù 50mg bid or qid
2~5 5~25mg qid
oxazepam : ʿ ù 30mg qid
2~5 5~15mg qid
In patinet Acute withdrawl( CIWA -ar score 8̻)
Diazepam 5~10mg IV 5~10и ɶ
ü : Lorazepam 2~4mg IV 15~20и ɶ
(ߵȯڴ ַ Įθ 븦 ݿ ϱ ϴ)
Ƽƹ 100mg daily x 3day , glucoseֱ ־Ѵ.
folate multivitamin ְ, Mg(dysrhythmia and seizures߰), K(renal loss, extrarenal loss), P(malnutrition Ͽ ,߰), glucose ˻ balance
Antipsychotics EKG QT prolongation Ȯϰ .
ݴ (prophylaxis)
汸 Chlordiazepoxide
ù° 50~100mg qid
°, ° : 25~50mg qid
CIWAS-Ar 8̸̻ Žð 25~50mg߰϶
ȯڳ ּ ȯ monitoringϴٰ CIWAS 8̸̻ Chlordizepoxide 25~50mg Žð
ָ ӽŰ
Acamprosate( ȸԾ )
Naltrexone( Ծ Ȼ) QD
Disulfiram( гڰ) ۿ Ⱦ
ó
Կȯ HD30° ó
Ƽƹ 20mg tid
Acamprosate tab 333mg bid(Ȯ , GABA ȿ, NMDAü Ȱ, )
LIBERTY 10mg qd
zolpiram 10mg qd
Կȯ HD80° ó
Ƽƹ 20mg tid
įμƮ 333mg tid
LIBERTY 10mg qd
ƮƼ 25mg qd
zolpiram 10mg qd
Կȯ 2° ó
LORAVAN 1MG , 0.5 MG Ϸ 2ȸ
RISPERIDON 0.5MG QD HS
THIAMINE 30MG BID
URSA 200MG BID
ZOLPIRAM 10MG QD
DEXTROSE 5% 1000ML + BEECOM HEXA 2ML 2A MIX(VIT B1 10mg )
Կȯ 35° ó
LORAVAN 0.5 MG, 1MG Ϸ 2ȸ
ACAMPROSATE 333MG BID
RIPERIDON 0.5MG BID
THIAMINE 30MG BID
URSA 200MG BID
ؼ : 1. ־
2. ü ذ
3.
4. ġ Ƶ ݻ
ؼ : 1.
= Դ´.
2. ݴ
3. ǵߴͺ ȴ.
4. ٿ,
5. , , ȸϴµ ð ҺѴ.
6. ȸ, , ϵ ȴ
7. ü, Կ ӸԴ´.
ݱݴ