ߵ ġ(ַ outpatient)

 

brain GABA receptor ۿѴ

 ǽļ ϴ 2 Rc(NMDA Rc м , GABA Rc )

ۿ GABA Rc(inhibitory) ۿѴ : ۿϰ Ǹ ǽ, Cognitive function , motor coordination

Դٺ GABA Rc down regulationǾ ڰ پ ǰ, NMDA Rc upregulationǾ ڰ þ.

ڱ Ǹ, brain ڰ GABA inhibition ȿ ǰ, NMDA ȿ Ÿ ȴ.

̰ alcohol withdrawl̴.

 

ߵ ǥ alcohol withrawl management̴.

 

ݴ

 

Stage 1(minor withdrawl) : agitation, anxiety, restlessness, insomnia, diaphoresis, palpitation, hypertension, tachycardia, headache , nausea, vomiting , ǽļ normal,

72ð̳ ڹ .

 

Stage 2(major withdrawl) : 1~3Ŀ ߻, Stage 1 ϰ Ÿ.

 

Stage 3 delirium tremens : 3~4Ŀ ߻ , ſ ϰ Ÿ, fever, hallucination, disorientation, autonomic hyperactivity Ÿ.

                     mortaliry 5% ̰ (head trauma, cardiovascular problem, aspiration, electro-fluid inbalance, , pneumonia, pancreatitis underlying disease ȭ) ִ.

 

Withdrawl Seizure : 24~48ðĿ ߻Ѵ. 2~3ȸ ļ 5 ַ ߻ϰ staticus epilepticus Ǹ Delirium tremens 1/3 Ѵ.

 

Alcohol hallucination : 24ð̳ Ÿ , 24~48ð . ַ visual

 

, binge drinking withdrawl Ȯ

 

ġ

5̻ ݴ ߻ ʴ´ٸ f/u

 

medication

1.benzodiazepine : GABA rc ڱϿ neuronal activity ҽŴ

 long acting ๰ü self taperingȿ ִ.

  : Diazepam(valium) , Chlordiazepoxide(Ƽ)

 Short acting

  : lorazepam(Ativan), Oxazepam

  2๰ ʴ´. ȯ, .

 

2. Anticonvulsant : κ ݱݴ seizure self-limited װ ʿ . status epilepticus phenobarbital ɰ Բ ª ִ. . , Ÿ Ͽ ݴ scoreҿ ̰ , ù߻ ҿ nonsignificant Ұ ִ.

Carbamazepine : safe and effective. ܷó 浵 ݱݴܿ Ẽ ְ,  Delirium tremens ȿ ġѴٴ Ű ִ.

Valproic acid : safe and effective.

Gabapentin  : ݴ ̴µ ȿ ִ.

Tiagabine

phenytoin ȿ Ȱ .

 

barbiturate narrow therapeutic range õ ʴ´. ׷, refractory DT(ùѽð diazepam 50m Ǵ Lorazepam 10mg ġ ȵǴ ) ſ ȿ̴. : 130~260mg IV ɶ 20и.

 

׿

Baclofen : GABA b rc agonist , relapse risk ٿش. ,  acute severe (uptodateǰ)

clonidine(centrally acting a2-agonist) : acute detoxication , ߰ Ẽ ִ. õ   , acute severe (uptodateǰ)

Anti glutamaternergic agent : Memantine, lamotrigine, topiramate ȿ , diazepam ȿ ̴ .

 

Antipsychotics(Phenothiazine(ǥΰ CPZ) butyrophenones(κ peridol haloperidol, Domperidone)) seizure ġ ߱ ȵȴ. ( ̶ : Ű ְ ݱݴ ɿ ؼ ġǾ)

 

Dose

outpatient (mild)  ( ġⰣ̴. ּ 3̻ drinking ݴ ̴)

1. fixed dose ( ,  ϴܽ) : moderate ϶ '

Ƽ: ù 50mg bid Ǵ qid

         ° 25mg qid

         ° 25mg bid

         ° 25mg qd

īٸ : ù : 200mg qid, ° tid , ° bid , ° qd

 

2. loading dose( ѹ)

 

3. symptom triggered( ) : mild϶

Ƽ : ʿ ù 50mg bid or qid

                   2~5 5~25mg qid

 

oxazepam : ʿ ù 30mg qid

                    2~5 5~15mg qid

 

In patinet Acute withdrawl( CIWA -ar score 8̻)

Diazepam 5~10mg IV 5~10и ɶ

ü : Lorazepam 2~4mg IV 15~20и ɶ

 

(ߵȯڴ ַ Įθ 븦 ݿ ϱ⶧ ϴ)

Ƽƹ 100mg daily x 3day , glucoseֱ ־Ѵ.

folate multivitamin ְ, Mg(dysrhythmia and seizures߰), K(renal loss, extrarenal loss), P(malnutrition ߻Ͽ ,߰), glucose ˻ balance

Antipsychotics EKG QT prolongation Ȯϰ .

 

ݴ (prophylaxis)

Chlordiazepoxide 

   ù° 50~100mg qid

   °, ° : 25~50mg qid

 CIWAS-Ar 8̸̻  Žð 25~50mg߰϶

 

ȯڳ ּ ȯ monitoringϴٰ CIWAS 8̸̻ Chlordizepoxide 25~50mg Žð

 

ָ ӽŰ ๰

Acamprosate( ȸԾ )

Naltrexone( Ծ Ȼ) QD

Disulfiram( гڰ) ۿ Ⱦ

 

 

ó

Կȯ HD30° ó

  Ƽƹ 20mg tid

  Acamprosate tab 333mg bid(Ȯ , GABA ȿ, NMDAü Ȱ, )

  LIBERTY 10mg qd

  zolpiram 10mg qd

 

Կȯ HD80° ó

  Ƽƹ 20mg tid

  įμƮ 333mg tid

  LIBERTY 10mg qd

  ƮƼ 25mg qd

  zolpiram 10mg qd

 

Կȯ 2° ó

  LORAVAN 1MG , 0.5 MG Ϸ 2ȸ

  RISPERIDON 0.5MG QD HS

  THIAMINE 30MG BID

  URSA 200MG BID

  ZOLPIRAM 10MG QD

  DEXTROSE 5% 1000ML + BEECOM HEXA 2ML 2A MIX(VIT B1 10mg )

 

Կȯ 35° ó

  LORAVAN 0.5 MG, 1MG Ϸ 2ȸ

  ACAMPROSATE 333MG BID

  RIPERIDON 0.5MG BID

  THIAMINE 30MG BID

  URSA 200MG BID

 

ؼ : 1. ־

2. ü ذ

3.

4. ġ ޾Ƶ ݻ

 

ؼ : 1. = Դ´.

2. ݴ ߻

3. ǵߴͺ ԰ ȴ.

4. ٿ,

5. , ԰, ȸϴµ ð ҺѴ.

6. ȸ, , ϵ ȴ

7. ü, ߻Կ ӸԴ´.

 

ݱݴ