¼ö¸éÁ¦

 

cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) as the initial therapy(uptodate19.3)

 

¿©±âºÎÅÍ ±¹½ÃÃ¥-------------

quazepam

flunazepam

trazolam

estazolam

temazepam

 

·Î¶óÁ¦ÆÊ, diazepamÀ» ¼ö¸éÁ¦·Î ó¹æÇÏÁö ¸øÇÒ Æ¯º°ÇÑ ÀÌÀ¯´Â ¾ø´Ù

zolpidem

¼ö¸éÁ¦·Î °øÀεÇÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÁö¸¸, ºÒ¸éÁõ¿¡ ó¹æµÇ´Â ¾à¹°

 ÁøÁ¤¼º Ç׿ì¿ïÁ¦

 melatonin

 Ç×È÷½ºÅ¸¹ÎÁ¦

------------------------------

¿©±âºÎÅÍ uptodate19.3----------------------------------------------------

 

Barbiturates are now largely limited to induction of anesthesia

Although the clinical effects of the benzodiazepines resemble and overlap with other sedative-hypnotics, benzodiazepines are more specifically anxiolytic.

benzodiazepine

Benzo°è¿­ ÀÛ¿ë

  onset±îÁöÀÇ ½Ã°£À» ÁÙ¿©ÁÜ

  stage2 sleepÀ» ´Ã¸²

  stage4¼ö¸éÀ» ¾ïÁ¦(night terror°¡ stage4¿¡ ÀϾ : Ä¡·á diazepam)

  ÃÑ ¼ö¸é½Ã°£À» ´Ã¸²

  »ó´ëÀûÀÎ REM ½Ã°£À» ¾à°£ ÁÙÀÓ

  sleep latency¸¦ ÁÙÀÓ

  awakeningÀÇ ¼ö¸¦ ÁÙÀÓ

  ¼ö¸é ÁúÀ» ÁÁ°ÔÇÔ

 

Benzo°è¿­ ºÎÀÛ¿ë

 

  short actingÀ» Âß ¾²´Ù°¡ stopÇϸé rebound insomnia¹ß»ý°¡´É

  (long actingÀ» ¾²¸é withdrawlÀÌ ´úÇÏ´Ù, clonazepam Àº long elemination half life¸¦ °¡Áö¹Ç·Î withdrawalÀÇ Ä¡·á¿¡ ¾²Àδ٠: ¼ö¸é°ú´Â º°°³ÀÇ À̾߱â·Î benzoÀüüÀûÀΠƯ¡¿¡¼­ ³ª¿À´Â À̾߱â, uptodate19.3)

  trazolamÀº anterograde amnesia(ƯÈ÷ ¾ËÄݰú °°ÀÌ ¼·Ãë½Ã)

  agressive behavior

  sleep waking(µå¹°´Ù)

 

benzo°è¿­ÀÇ ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ºÎÀÛ¿ëÆÄÆ®

Reinforcement (abuse ȤÀº liked) : addiction history°¡ ¾ø´Â »ç¶÷¿¡¼­´Â °­È­ ¾øÀ½

                                  abuse history°¡ ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷¿¡¼­´Â ¾àÇÑ reinforcers

                                  ¾ËÄÝÁßµ¶À̳ª ´Ù¸¥¾à¹°Áßµ¶Àڵ鿡¼­ ÀÚÁÖ abuseµÊ

withdrawal sx : seizure, status epilepticus

Other symptoms of withdrawal include:

³»¼º(È¿°ú°¡ ¾àÇØ¼­ ¾çÀ» ´Ã¸®´Â°Í) : sedation , euphoric effect : ±ÞÇÏ°Ô ³»¼ºÀÌ ¹ß»ý. ¸îÀϸ¸¿¡

      anxiolytic , imsomnia¿¡ ¾²´Â°ÍÀº ³»¼ºÀÌ »ý±âÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.

      ¼ö¸éÁ¦·Î ³»¼ºÀÌ »ý±ä´Ù(½Å°æÁ¤½ÅÀÇÇÐ2ÆÇ)

½É¸®ÀûÀÇÁ¸°ú ½ÅüÀûÀÇÁ¸ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù(½Å°æÁ¤½ÅÀÇÇÐ 2ÆÇ)

 

Diazepam

 long-acting

 ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ºÒ¸éÁõ¿¡ ¾²ÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. È¿°ú°¡ ±æ±â ¶§¹®¿¡

 can lead to the accumulation of active metabolites.

 The long-acting benzodiazepines Àº °í·É¿¡¼­ ÇÇÇØ¾ßÇÑ´Ù.

 

Nonbenzodiazepines

more targeted action at one GABA type A receptor : less anxiolytic and anticonvulsant activity

zaleplon, zolpidem, eszopiclone, and zolpidem extended release

ºÎÀÛ¿ëÀº benzodiazepine °è¿­°ú ºñ½ÁÇϳª, frequency¿Í severity´Â ´úÇÏ´Ù. ÀÌÀ¯´Â short half-life¶§¹®

³»¼º ÀÇÁ¸¼ºÀÌ º¥Á¶°è¿­º¸´Ù ÀÛ´Ù(½Å°æÁ¤½ÅÀÇÇÐ 2ÆÇ)

 

Zaleplon 

  ¸Å¿ì ªÀº ¹Ý°¨±â , ´ë·« Çѽð£

 ¼ö¸é ½ÃÀÛÀÌ ¾î·Á¿ï¶§

 ¼ö¸é À¯Áö¿¡´Â È¿°ú¾øÀ½

 hangover , rebound insomnia´Â ¾ø´Ù.

 S/E : µÎÅë, ¾îÁö·¯¿ò, ±¸¿ª, º¹Åë, Á¹¸²

 Àå±â°£»ç¿ëÀº ½ÂÀεÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.

 

Zolpidem 

 ¹Ý°¨±â ´ë·« 1.5~2.4 ½Ã°£

 ¼ö¸é½ÃÀÛÀÌ ¾î·Á¿ï¶§ ´Ü±â Ä¡·á·Î ¾²ÀÓ

  hang-over³ª rebound insomnia´Â ¾ø´Ù.

  S/E : µÎÅë, ¾îÁö·¯¿ò, Á¹¸², hallucination

  Àå±â»ç¿ëÀ¸·Î ½ÂÀεÇÁö´Â ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.

 

Zolpidem extended release

 ¿ª½Ã ¹Ý°¨±â´Â 1.5 to 2.4 hours

 longer duration.

 sleep onset insomnia and sleep maintenance insomnia

 hang over´Â ¾ø´Ù

 Side effects´Â regular zolpedem¿¡ ºñÇØ¼­ »ó´ëÀûÀ¸·Î Àû´Ù

   headache, somnolence,  dizziness

 ´Ü±â°£ »ç¿ë¿¡¸¸ Á¦ÇÑ µÈ °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù.

 ³²¿ëÀ̳ª ÀÇÁ¸ÀÇ Áõ°Å´Â °ÅÀÇ ¾ø´Ù

 ÀÌ·ÐÀûÀ¸·Î Àå±â°£ »ç¿ë½Ã ½À°ü¼ºÀÌ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

 

Eszopiclone 

 nonbenzodiazepines Áß¿¡¼­ °¡Àå ±ä  half-life  5~7½Ã°£ , ³ëÀο¡¼­´Â 9½Ã°£

 ½ÃÀÛ°ú À¯Áö¿¡ ¸ðµÎ È¿°úÀû

 metalic taste

 hang-over´Â ¾ø´Ù

 S/E

 Á¹¸², µÎÅë, ¾îÁö·¯¿ò, ºÒÄèÇÑ ²Þ

 ´Ü±â°£ »ç¿ë¿¡¸¸ Á¦ÇÑ µÈ°ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù.

 ³²¿ëÀ̳ª ÀÇÁ¸ÀÇ Áõ°Å´Â °ÅÀÇ ¾ø´Ù

 ÀÌ·ÐÀûÀ¸·Î Àå±â°£ »ç¿ë½Ã ½À°ü¼ºÀÌ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

 

Melatonin agonists  Ramelteon

half-life of 1.5 to 5 hours

Ramelteon Àº benzo³ª nonbenzo¿¡ ºñÇØ¼­ side effect°¡ ÀÛ´Ù

 hangover effect ¾ø´Ù

 habit forming ¾ø´Ù

 

Other medications

  Antidepressants

 amitriptyline, trazodone, doxepin

¿ì¿ïÁõ°ú ¿¬°üµÈ ºÒ¸é¿¡¼­ »ç¿ëÇϸé ÁÁ´Ù

¿ì¿ïÁõ°ú ¿¬°üµÇÁö ¾ÊÀº ºÒ¸é¿¡¼­´Â low dose doxepin¿Ü¿¡ »ç¿ëÀº ÃßõµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù

trazodone

  Onset of action sleep aid: 1-3 hours

  Half-life elimination: 7-10 hours

 

Diphenhydramine

Routine use of diphenhydramine to treat insomnia is not recommended

 

Antipsychotics

The routine use of antipsychotics to treat insomnia in patients without psychosis is not recommended

 

Barbiturates 

Routine use of barbiturates to treat insomnia is not recommended

 

Over-the-counter

   Valerian(Çãºê)

 

  Melatonin 

    delayed sleep phase syndrome

    low melatonin levels

    µÎ°¡Áö¿¡¼­¸¸ benefitÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.

 

󹿾à

  For patients with sleep onset insomnia

zaleplon, zolpidem, triazolam, lorazepam, and ramelteon.

 

  sleep maintenance insomnia

zolpidem extended release, eszopiclone, temazepam, estazolam, and low dose doxepin

 

Combination therapy involves prescribing both cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and a medication

Continuing CBT alone after the completion of initial therapy appears to be the best option for maintaining improvement long-term.

 

¿©±â±îÁö uptodate 19.3