¼ö¸éÁ¦
cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) as the initial therapy(uptodate19.3)
¿©±âºÎÅÍ ±¹½ÃÃ¥-------------
quazepam
flunazepam
trazolam
estazolam
temazepam
·Î¶óÁ¦ÆÊ, diazepamÀ» ¼ö¸éÁ¦·Î ó¹æÇÏÁö ¸øÇÒ Æ¯º°ÇÑ ÀÌÀ¯´Â ¾ø´Ù
zolpidem
¼ö¸éÁ¦·Î °øÀεÇÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÁö¸¸, ºÒ¸éÁõ¿¡ ó¹æµÇ´Â ¾à¹°
ÁøÁ¤¼º Ç׿ì¿ïÁ¦
melatonin
Ç×È÷½ºÅ¸¹ÎÁ¦
------------------------------
¿©±âºÎÅÍ uptodate19.3----------------------------------------------------
Barbiturates are now largely limited to induction of anesthesia
Although the clinical effects of the benzodiazepines resemble and overlap with other sedative-hypnotics, benzodiazepines are more specifically anxiolytic.
benzodiazepine
Benzo°è¿
ÀÛ¿ë
onset±îÁöÀÇ
½Ã°£À» ÁÙ¿©ÁÜ
stage2 sleepÀ» ´Ã¸²
stage4¼ö¸éÀ» ¾ïÁ¦(night terror°¡ stage4¿¡
ÀϾ : Ä¡·á diazepam)
ÃÑ ¼ö¸é½Ã°£À»
´Ã¸²
»ó´ëÀûÀÎ
REM ½Ã°£À» ¾à°£ ÁÙÀÓ
sleep latency¸¦ ÁÙÀÓ
awakeningÀÇ ¼ö¸¦ ÁÙÀÓ
¼ö¸é
ÁúÀ» ÁÁ°ÔÇÔ
Benzo°è¿
ºÎÀÛ¿ë
short actingÀ» Âß ¾²´Ù°¡ stopÇϸé rebound insomnia¹ß»ý°¡´É
(long actingÀ» ¾²¸é withdrawlÀÌ ´úÇÏ´Ù, clonazepam Àº long elemination half life¸¦ °¡Áö¹Ç·Î withdrawalÀÇ Ä¡·á¿¡ ¾²Àδ٠: ¼ö¸é°ú´Â º°°³ÀÇ À̾߱â·Î benzoÀüüÀûÀΠƯ¡¿¡¼ ³ª¿À´Â À̾߱â, uptodate19.3)
trazolamÀº anterograde amnesia(ƯÈ÷ ¾ËÄݰú °°ÀÌ ¼·Ãë½Ã)
agressive behavior
sleep waking(µå¹°´Ù)
benzo°è¿ÀÇ ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ºÎÀÛ¿ëÆÄÆ®
Reinforcement (abuse
ȤÀº liked) : addiction history°¡
¾ø´Â »ç¶÷¿¡¼´Â °È ¾øÀ½
abuse history°¡ ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷¿¡¼´Â ¾àÇÑ reinforcers
¾ËÄÝÁßµ¶À̳ª ´Ù¸¥¾à¹°Áßµ¶Àڵ鿡¼ ÀÚÁÖ abuseµÊ
withdrawal sx : seizure, status
epilepticus
Other symptoms of withdrawal
include:
³»¼º(È¿°ú°¡ ¾àÇØ¼ ¾çÀ» ´Ã¸®´Â°Í) : sedation , euphoric effect : ±ÞÇÏ°Ô ³»¼ºÀÌ ¹ß»ý. ¸îÀϸ¸¿¡
anxiolytic , imsomnia¿¡ ¾²´Â°ÍÀº ³»¼ºÀÌ »ý±âÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
¼ö¸éÁ¦·Î ³»¼ºÀÌ »ý±ä´Ù(½Å°æÁ¤½ÅÀÇÇÐ2ÆÇ)
½É¸®ÀûÀÇÁ¸°ú ½ÅüÀûÀÇÁ¸ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù(½Å°æÁ¤½ÅÀÇÇÐ 2ÆÇ)
long-acting
ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ºÒ¸éÁõ¿¡ ¾²ÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. È¿°ú°¡ ±æ±â ¶§¹®¿¡
can lead to the accumulation of active metabolites.
The long-acting benzodiazepines Àº °í·É¿¡¼ ÇÇÇØ¾ßÇÑ´Ù.
Nonbenzodiazepines
more targeted action at one GABA type A receptor : less anxiolytic and anticonvulsant activity
zaleplon, zolpidem, eszopiclone, and zolpidem extended release
ºÎÀÛ¿ëÀº benzodiazepine °è¿°ú ºñ½ÁÇϳª, frequency¿Í severity´Â ´úÇÏ´Ù. ÀÌÀ¯´Â short half-life¶§¹®
³»¼º ÀÇÁ¸¼ºÀÌ º¥Á¶°è¿º¸´Ù ÀÛ´Ù(½Å°æÁ¤½ÅÀÇÇÐ 2ÆÇ)
¸Å¿ì ªÀº ¹Ý°¨±â , ´ë·« Çѽð£
¼ö¸é ½ÃÀÛÀÌ ¾î·Á¿ï¶§
¼ö¸é À¯Áö¿¡´Â È¿°ú¾øÀ½
hangover , rebound insomnia´Â ¾ø´Ù.
S/E : µÎÅë, ¾îÁö·¯¿ò, ±¸¿ª, º¹Åë, Á¹¸²
Àå±â°£»ç¿ëÀº ½ÂÀεÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.
¹Ý°¨±â ´ë·« 1.5~2.4 ½Ã°£
¼ö¸é½ÃÀÛÀÌ ¾î·Á¿ï¶§ ´Ü±â Ä¡·á·Î ¾²ÀÓ
hang-over³ª rebound insomnia´Â ¾ø´Ù.
S/E : µÎÅë, ¾îÁö·¯¿ò, Á¹¸², hallucination
Àå±â»ç¿ëÀ¸·Î ½ÂÀεÇÁö´Â ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.
Zolpidem extended
release
¿ª½Ã ¹Ý°¨±â´Â 1.5 to 2.4 hours
longer duration.
sleep onset insomnia and sleep maintenance insomnia
hang over´Â ¾ø´Ù
Side effects´Â regular zolpedem¿¡ ºñÇØ¼ »ó´ëÀûÀ¸·Î Àû´Ù
headache, somnolence, dizziness
´Ü±â°£ »ç¿ë¿¡¸¸ Á¦ÇÑ µÈ °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù.
³²¿ëÀ̳ª ÀÇÁ¸ÀÇ Áõ°Å´Â °ÅÀÇ ¾ø´Ù
ÀÌ·ÐÀûÀ¸·Î Àå±â°£ »ç¿ë½Ã ½À°ü¼ºÀÌ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
nonbenzodiazepines Áß¿¡¼ °¡Àå ±ä half-life 5~7½Ã°£ , ³ëÀο¡¼´Â 9½Ã°£
½ÃÀÛ°ú À¯Áö¿¡ ¸ðµÎ È¿°úÀû
metalic taste
hang-over´Â ¾ø´Ù
S/E
Á¹¸², µÎÅë, ¾îÁö·¯¿ò, ºÒÄèÇÑ ²Þ
´Ü±â°£ »ç¿ë¿¡¸¸ Á¦ÇÑ µÈ°ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù.
³²¿ëÀ̳ª ÀÇÁ¸ÀÇ Áõ°Å´Â °ÅÀÇ ¾ø´Ù
ÀÌ·ÐÀûÀ¸·Î Àå±â°£ »ç¿ë½Ã ½À°ü¼ºÀÌ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
Melatonin agonists — Ramelteon
half-life of 1.5 to 5 hours
Ramelteon Àº benzo³ª nonbenzo¿¡ ºñÇØ¼ side effect°¡ ÀÛ´Ù
hangover effect ¾ø´Ù
habit forming ¾ø´Ù
Other medications
Antidepressants
amitriptyline, trazodone, doxepin
¿ì¿ïÁõ°ú ¿¬°üµÈ ºÒ¸é¿¡¼ »ç¿ëÇϸé ÁÁ´Ù
¿ì¿ïÁõ°ú ¿¬°üµÇÁö ¾ÊÀº ºÒ¸é¿¡¼´Â low dose doxepin¿Ü¿¡ »ç¿ëÀº ÃßõµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù
Onset of action sleep aid: 1-3 hours
Half-life elimination: 7-10 hours
Diphenhydramine
Routine use of diphenhydramine to treat insomnia is not recommended
Antipsychotics
The routine use of antipsychotics to treat insomnia in patients without psychosis is not recommended
Barbiturates
Routine use of barbiturates to treat insomnia is not recommended
Over-the-counter
Valerian(Çãºê)
Melatonin
delayed sleep phase syndrome
low melatonin levels
µÎ°¡Áö¿¡¼¸¸ benefitÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
󹿾à
For patients with sleep onset insomnia
zaleplon, zolpidem, triazolam, lorazepam, and ramelteon.
sleep maintenance insomnia
zolpidem extended release, eszopiclone, temazepam, estazolam, and low dose doxepin
Combination therapy involves prescribing both cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and a medication
Continuing CBT alone after the completion of initial therapy appears to be the best option for maintaining improvement long-term.
¿©±â±îÁö uptodate 19.3